云南省竹子害虫初报

自2000年开始,对云南省竹子害虫进行调查,共采集标本1500余号。结合资料记载,认为云南省竹子害虫共计7目49科224种,绝大部分种类危害较小,仅竹舞蚜、居竹伪角蚜、竹缘蝽属、竹枝叶野螟、竹蠹螟、刚竹毒蛾和笋横锥大象危害较大,分布较广,其中尤以竹蠹螟(Omphisasp.)、刚竹毒蛾(Pantana phyllostachysae)和笋横锥大象(Cyrtotrachelus buqueti)危害严重。为促进云南省竹产业的快速、健康发展,建议对该省竹子病虫害进行全面系统调查,并依据调查结果制定相应对策。     

麦田害虫与天敌群落动态变化研究

2008年3月15日至5月29日系统调查了冬小麦田害虫与天敌的种群数量动态,并利用相对丰富度、优势度指数、优势集中性指数、多样性指数和均匀度分析了害虫与天敌群落动态变化及时间生态位。结果表明:麦田昆虫群落组成较为丰富,由11目39科59种昆虫组成;优势种为麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、麦圆叶爪螨(Penthaleus major)、龟纹瓢虫(Propylea japonica)和麦蚜茧蜂(Ephedrus plagiator)。群落的总个体数和丰富度随调查时间而变化;多样性指数与均匀度指数在小麦生长前期较低,中期和后期较高,两者变化规律基本一致,而优势集中性指数变化趋势与其相反。在害虫种群中以棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)种内竞争最为激烈,条斑叶蝉(Psammotettix striatus)的竞争最缓和;棉铃虫与麦长管蚜种间竞争最强,其次为麦圆叶爪螨与小麦叶蜂(Dolerus tritici)。在天敌种群中以七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)种内竞争最为激烈,麦蚜茧蜂的种内竞争最为缓和;龟纹瓢虫分别与七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫(Leis axyridis)在时间维度上的竞争较为激烈,而麦蚜茧蜂分别与龟纹瓢虫、七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫的竞争比较缓和。从害虫种群与天敌种群之间的重叠值看,异色瓢虫和七星瓢虫对棉铃虫的控制作用较强,而麦蚜茧蜂和龟纹瓢虫则对麦田主要害虫麦长管蚜、条斑叶蝉和小麦潜叶蝇(Phytomyza nigra)等的跟随和控制作用均较强。     

西甜瓜主要害虫防治技术

ZHENG Zhen-lei(Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu,Sichuan 610066)     

稻茬小麦免耕栽培技术

WANG Jin-hua(Shanghai Guangming Qianjin Farm Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 202179)     

辽阳地区林业危险性有害生物杨树烂皮病风险分析

参照国际上林业有害生物危险性分析(Pest Risk Analysis,简称PRA)方法,从有害生物的分布状况、定殖和扩散的可能性、潜在的危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性以及危险性的管理难度等方面进行定性和定量分析,对杨树烂皮病的危险性做出综合评价,其风险评估值(R)为1.49。评价结果表明,杨树烂皮病在辽阳地区属中度危险性的林业有害生物,具有扩散蔓延的危险,对绿化、农田林网、防护林体系构成较大的威胁,应积极采取有效措施除治。     

Susceptibility of European bread and durum wheat cultivars to Tilletia indica

Representative European wheat cultivars were tested under quarantine containment for their susceptibility to Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat. Fifteen winter and 15 spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and 11 durum wheat ( Triticum durum ) cultivars were inoculated by boot injection just prior to ear emergence to test their physiological susceptibility. Selected cultivars were then re-tested by spray inoculation after ear emergence to determine their morphological susceptibility, which is a better predictor of field susceptibility. At maturity, the ears and seeds were assessed for incidence and severity of disease. For the physiological susceptibility tests, 13/15 winter wheat cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 32%. For spring cultivars, 13/15 cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 48%. For the durum cultivars, 9/11 were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 2 to 95%. Across all cultivars, 35/41 were infected. Based on historical Karnal bunt susceptibility categories using coefficients of infection, one cultivar was classed as highly susceptible, three as susceptible, 11 as moderately susceptible, 20 as resistant and only six as highly resistant. The spray-inoculation morphological susceptibility tests broadly confirmed the physiological susceptibility results, although lower levels of infection were observed. Overall, the range of susceptibility was similar to that found in cultivars grown in Karnal bunt affected countries. The results demonstrate that European wheat cultivars are susceptible to T. indica and thus could potentially support the establishment of T. indica if introduced into Europe.     

盆栽榕树害螨为害情况及其田间防控药剂测定

以福建漳州盆栽榕树种植示范基地为观测和试验点,调查分析害螨的为害症状、发生种类和优势种动态时间格局,测定7种药剂对害螨的田间防治效果。结果表明：盆栽榕树种植区的害螨种类有4个科6个属6种,优势种为桔全爪螨;优势种种群动态时间格局分为5类,依次经历发展期、第1高峰期、衰退期、第2高峰期和越冬期。7种药剂对害螨均有一定的防治效果,无药害,15％哒螨灵乳油和73％克螨特乳油对害螨具有较好的速效性,药后1 d防效超过73.00％;11％乙螨唑悬浮剂、24％螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、24％螺螨酯悬浮剂和73％克螨特乳油能持续     

海南芒果作物害虫调查与鉴定

近几年,作者对海南芒果主产区的儋州、白沙、昌江、东方、乐东、三亚6个市县代表性果园进行芒果害虫调查。鉴定出海南省芒果作物上的害虫共计96种,分属8目44科,其中,等翅目1科1种,直翅目1科4种,半翅目6科12种,同翅目12科28种,缨翅目1科1种,鳞翅目12科32种,鞘翅目9科15种,双翅日2科3种。对芒果为害较重且分布较广的害虫主要有芒果扁喙叶蝉Idioscopus incertus（Baker）、脊胸天牛Rhytidodera bowringii White、横纹尾夜蛾Chlumetia transversa Walker、芒果剪叶象Deporaus marginatus Pascoe、橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）、茶黄蓟马Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood、龙眼长跗萤叶甲Monolepta occifuvis Gressitt et Kimoto和芒果叶瘿蚊Erosomyia mangiferae Felt共8种o     

中国柞树主要害虫名录(Ⅱ)

记述了我国有关鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)钩蛾科(Drepanidae)、尺蛾科(Geometridae)、蓑蛾科(Psychidae)、鹿蛾科(Amati-dae)、枯叶蛾科(Lasiocampidae)、家蚕蛾科(Bombycidae)、大蚕蛾科(Saturniidae)、天蛾科(Sphingoidae)共8个科的柞树主要害虫80种,分别介绍了害虫的中文名称、学名、寄主种类及主要分布区域,为有效控制尺蛾类、枯叶蛾类等柞树主要害虫的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

Suppression of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (Sulz.), citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) (Risso), and two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Koch.) attacks on tomatoes and cucumbers by aqueous extracts from vermicomposts

Vermicomposts are produced through interactions between earthworms and microorganisms in the breakdown of organic wastes. Aqueous extracts were prepared in commercial brewing equipment (Growing Solutions Inc.) from vermicomposts processed from pre-consumer food waste. The ratio of vermicompost to water was 1 to 5 v:v to produce a 20% aqueous solution. The effects of soil drenches at dilutions of 20%, 10%, and 5% vermicompost extracts, were compared with those of deionized water, in the suppression of green peach aphids, mealybugs, and two spotted spider mites attacking tomatoes and cucumbers, in greenhouse cage experiments.